1. Consider the following:
2. i. Battery storage
3. ii. Biomass generators
4. iii. Fuel cells
5. iv. Rooftop solar photovoltaic units
6. How many of the above are considered “Distributed Energy Resources”?

Distributed Energy Resources (DERs)
DERs are small-to-medium energy resources located close to where electricity is used (at the “distribution” level, not big centralized power plants). They can either:

• Generate electricity (e.g., rooftop solar, biomass gensets, fuel cells), or

• Store electricity (e.g., battery storage), or

• Sometimes manage demand (not in your options).

The key idea: decentralized + near the load, often connected to the local distribution network or behind-the-meter.

1. Battery storage
   Stores electricity and can supply it locally when needed.
   ✅ Considered a DER.

2. Biomass generators
   Small/local biomass-based generators (especially when installed for a campus, industry, community, etc.) are distributed generation.
   ✅ Considered a DER.

3. Fuel cells
   Fuel-cell systems (often used on-site for buildings/industries) generate electricity locally.
   ✅ Considered a DER.

4. Rooftop solar photovoltaic units
   Classic example of DER: generation right at the consumer site.
   ✅ Considered a DER.