Consider the following statements:

1. Urban climatology refers to a specific branch of climatology concerned with interactions between urban areas and the atmosphere, their effects on one another, and the varying spatial and temporal scales at which these processes (and responses) occur.

2. Carbon dioxide, as a greenhouse gas, has been described as "the leading pollutant" and "the worst climate pollutant". It is natural, essential for plants, and given off by human respiration.

3. Water footprint measures the amount of water used to produce goods and services. It can be measured for any process: growing crops, producing clothes, fuel use, or for a multinational company.

4. As per the 2017 Global Risks Report (WEF), regarding impact on humanity, water crisis is ranked the 3rd most important global risk. India's water footprint is 980 m³ per capita (~12% of world's total).

Choose the correct answer:

Question

Consider the following statements:

1. Urban climatology refers to a specific branch of climatology concerned with interactions between urban areas and the atmosphere, their effects on one another, and the varying spatial and temporal scales at which these processes (and responses) occur.

2. Carbon dioxide, as a greenhouse gas, has been described as "the leading pollutant" and "the worst climate pollutant". It is natural, essential for plants, and given off by human respiration.

3. Water footprint measures the amount of water used to produce goods and services. It can be measured for any process: growing crops, producing clothes, fuel use, or for a multinational company.

4. As per the 2017 Global Risks Report (WEF), regarding impact on humanity, water crisis is ranked the 3rd most important global risk. India's water footprint is 980 m³ per capita (~12% of world's total).

Choose the correct answer:

Quintessence Classes · Accepted Answer

The correct answer is All the statements are true. Detailed Analysis of StatementsStatement 1 is true: Urban Climatology is indeed the study of the "Urban Heat Island" effect, local wind patterns (canyoning), and how city structures (concrete/asphalt) alter the local atmosphere compared to rural areas.Statement 2 is true: While Carbon Dioxide ($CO_2$) is a naturally occurring gas necessary for photosynthesis and produced by respiration, it is categorized as a "pollutant" in the context of the Clean Air Act (and similar global regulations) because its excess concentration is the primary driver of anthropogenic global warming.Statement 3 is true: The Water Footprint is a comprehensive indicator of freshwater appropriation. It includes:Blue Water: Surface and groundwater.Green Water: Rainwater stored in soil.Grey Water: Volume of water required to dilute pollutants.Statement 4 is true: The World Economic Forum (WEF) has consistently ranked the Water Crisis as a top-tier global risk in terms of impact. India, being an agrarian economy with a massive population, accounts for a significant portion (~12%) of the global water footprint, despite having lower per capita consumption than some Western nations.

Answer

None of the above statements are true

Answer

Only statements 2, 3, and 4 are true

Answer

Only statements 1, 2, and 3 are true

Answer & Explanation

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JKPSC JKAS 2023 Prelims

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