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General Studies (Paper 1) from JKPSC JKAS 2021 Prelims
Subject: General Studies (Paper 1) General Science Jammu & Kashmir Public Service Commission Last updated May 9, 2026
JKPSC Prelims 2021 General Studies (Paper 1)

Among the following theories which one is discuss about metal-free electrons? 

Answer & Explanation

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Correct Answer: Option D — Drude-Lorentz theory
Understanding the Theory
The Drude-Lorentz theory was proposed to explain how metals conduct electricity and heat. It suggests that a metal consists of a lattice of positive ions (the atoms that have lost their outer electrons) submerged in a "sea" or "gas" of free-moving electrons.

Free Electrons: These are the outermost electrons of the metal atoms that are not tied to any specific nucleus. They are free to move throughout the entire volume of the metal.

Conductivity: Because these electrons are "free," they can move easily when an electric field is applied, which is why metals are such good conductors of electricity.

Heat Transfer: These free electrons also help in transferring kinetic energy, which explains the high thermal conductivity of metals.

Understanding the Theory
The Drude-Lorentz theory was proposed to explain how metals conduct electricity and heat. It suggests that a metal consists of a lattice of positive ions (the atoms that have lost their outer electrons) submerged in a "sea" or "gas" of free-moving electrons.

Free Electrons: These are the outermost electrons of the metal atoms that are not tied to any specific nucleus. They are free to move throughout the entire volume of the metal.

Conductivity: Because these electrons are "free," they can move easily when an electric field is applied, which is why metals are such good conductors of electricity.

Heat Transfer: These free electrons also help in transferring kinetic energy, which explains the high thermal conductivity of metals.
Answer verified by Quintessence Classes faculty — Karan Nagar, Srinagar.

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JKPSC JKAS 2021 Prelims

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Exam JKPSC
Recruitment JKAS
Stage Prelims
Year 2021
Subject General Studies (Paper 1)
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