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General Studies (Paper 1) from JKPSC JKAS 2021 Prelims
Subject: General Studies (Paper 1) Environment & Ecology Jammu & Kashmir Public Service Commission Last updated May 9, 2026
JKPSC Prelims 2021 General Studies (Paper 1)

What does eutrophication refer to?

Answer & Explanation

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Correct Answer: Option A — Natural aging of a lake by nutrient enrichment of its water
Understanding Eutrophication
Eutrophication is a biological process that occurs when a body of water becomes overly enriched with minerals and nutrients (primarily phosphates and nitrates).

The Process: While eutrophication can happen naturally over centuries as a lake fills with sediment and organic matter, human activity often accelerates it—a process called "cultural eutrophication"—through fertilizer runoff or sewage discharge.

The Chain Reaction:

Nutrient Loading: High levels of nitrogen and phosphorus enter the water.

Algal Bloom: This "food" causes a rapid increase in algae and phytoplankton growth on the surface.

Oxygen Depletion: When the algae die, bacteria decompose them. This decomposition consumes the dissolved oxygen in the water.

Dead Zones: Lack of oxygen leads to the death of fish and other aquatic organisms, effectively "aging" the lake and turning it into a marsh or land over time.

Analysis of Other Options
B) Nutrient deficit: This would be the opposite of eutrophication (oligotrophic conditions).

C) & D) Expansion/Increasing depth: Eutrophication actually leads to the shallowing of a lake because the accumulation of dead organic matter and silt on the bottom gradually reduces the lake's depth.
Answer verified by Quintessence Classes faculty — Karan Nagar, Srinagar.

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JKPSC JKAS 2021 Prelims

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Exam JKPSC
Recruitment JKAS
Stage Prelims
Year 2021
Subject General Studies (Paper 1)
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