Which among the given techniques (analytical tool) is used to craft fiscal policy?

Why Macroeconomics is the Analytical Tool To craft an effective fiscal policy, policymakers must analyze variables that affect the entire nation. Macroeconomics provides the framework to understand these interdependencies: Aggregate Demand ($AD$): Fiscal policy aims to shift the $AD$ curve. For example, during a recession, the government increases spending to shift $AD$ to the right. The Multiplier Effect: Macroeconomic tools help calculate how much a single rupee of government spending will increase the total National Income ($GDP$).Output Gaps: Analysts use macroeconomic data to identify "inflationary" or "recessionary" gaps in the economy to decide whether to use Expansionary or Contractionary policy.