General Science question from JKAS Prelims, 2021 by JKPSC
Which quantum phenomenon was Albert Einstein referring to in his expression "spooky action at a distance"?
Last updated Jun 24, 2026
Correct Answer:
Option D —
Quantum entanglement
Einstein famously used the phrase "spooky action at a distance" (spukhafte Fernwirkung) to express his discomfort with the implications of quantum entanglement, which seemed to defy the classical laws of physics—specifically the idea that nothing can travel faster than the speed of light.
Understanding the "Spooky" Connection
Quantum entanglement occurs when two or more particles become linked in such a way that the state of one particle instantly influences the state of the other, regardless of the distance separating them.
The Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) Paradox: Einstein, along with Boris Podolsky and Nathan Rosen, argued that if quantum mechanics were complete, it would imply a violation of locality (the principle that distant objects cannot directy influence each other).
The Measurement: In an entangled pair, measuring the "spin" of one particle (e.g., as "Up") causes the other particle to immediately assume the opposite state (e.g., "Down"), even if that second particle is on the other side of the galaxy.
Einstein's View: He believed there must be "hidden variables" we hadn't discovered yet, as he could not accept that "information" could travel faster than light or that reality was based purely on probability.
Brief Overview of Other Options:
A) Quantum Tunnelling: The phenomenon where a particle passes through a potential energy barrier that it classically shouldn't be able to cross.
B) Uncertainty Principle: Werner Heisenberg’s theory that you cannot simultaneously know both the exact position and the exact momentum of a particle.
C) Superposition: The ability of a quantum system to be in multiple states at the same time until it is measured (often illustrated by Schrödinger's Cat).
Answer verified by Quintessence Classes faculty — Karan Nagar, Srinagar.
