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General Studies (Paper 1) from JKPSC JKAS 2022 Prelims
Subject: General Studies (Paper 1) History Jammu & Kashmir Public Service Commission Last updated May 9, 2026
JKPSC Prelims 2022 General Studies (Paper 1)

With reference to Gupta Land Administration, the terms "maru" and "pankila" denote:

Answer & Explanation

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Correct Answer: Option A — Land classification
Key Terms in Gupta Land Administration
The Gupta administration used several terms to distinguish different types of land:

Maru: This refers to desert or sandy land (arid soil).

Pankila: This refers to muddy or marshy land.

Other Common Classifications
To provide a complete picture of land categories mentioned in Gupta inscriptions and texts (like the Amarakosha), here are the most frequent terms:

Kshetra: Cultivable land (the most common type).

Khila: Wasteland or fallow land (land not under cultivation).

Aprahata: Jungle or forest land.

Vasti: Habitable land (land for building houses).

Gapata Saraha: Pasture land (for cattle and livestock).

Why the other options are incorrect:
B) Land measurement units: Units during this period included terms like Adhavapa, Dronavapa, and Kulyavapa.

C) Taxes: Taxes were known as Bhaga (king’s share), Bhoga (periodic supplies), and Kara (general property tax).

D) Land tenure: Systems involved terms like Nivi-dharma (perpetual endowment) and Akshaya-nivi.
Answer verified by Quintessence Classes faculty — Karan Nagar, Srinagar.

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JKPSC JKAS 2022 Prelims

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Exam JKPSC
Recruitment JKAS
Stage Prelims
Year 2022
Subject General Studies (Paper 1)
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