According to the 105th constitutional amendment, consider the following statements:

1. This amendment seeks to restore the power of state government to identify and specify Socially and Educationally Backward Classes (SEBC).

2. It allows states to maintain a separate 'state list' for SEBC reservation.

The correct statement/s is/are:

The 105th Constitutional Amendment Act (2021) was enacted to restore the power of State Governments and Union Territories to identify and notify their own lists of Socially and Educationally Backward Classes (SEBCs). This power had been inadvertently curtailed by the Supreme Court’s interpretation of the 102nd Amendment, which many believed had centralized the identification process under the President of India and the National Commission for Backward Classes (NCBC).

Statement 2 is Correct:

By restoring the identification power to the states, the amendment explicitly allows them to maintain a separate 'State List' for SEBC reservations in state government jobs and educational institutions. This ensures that the federal structure of the country is maintained regarding reservation policies, allowing states to address local socio-economic nuances.