Consider the following statements:

1. Jammu and Kashmir covers an area of 101387 Sq. Kms and lies between Latitude 28°17’ and 35°05’ North.

2. The higher regions are covered by Pir Panjal, Karakoram, and inner Himalayan ranges of mountains.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

• Statement 1 (Incorrect): * Area: The figure of 101,387 sq. km refers to the area of the erstwhile State of Jammu and Kashmir under Indian administration prior to 2019 (the total area including PoK was 222,236 sq. km). Following the 2019 Reorganisation, the area of the Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir is approximately 42,241 sq. km (mainland area) or ~55,538 sq. km (including PoK areas mapped to the UT).

• Statement 2 (Correct): The topography of the region is defined by its massive mountain systems. The Pir Panjal range encloses the Kashmir Valley from the south and west, while the Karakoram range dominates the northern frontier (now primarily in Ladakh and Gilgit-Baltistan but historically and geographically part of the broader J&K mountain system). The Inner Himalayas (Great Himalayas) run through the center, separating the valley from the high-altitude cold deserts.