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Environment & Ecology question from UPSC CSE-Prelims, 2026

Consider the following statements about Rhynchostylis retusa (Foxtail orchid):

1. It is an epiphytic orchid.
2. The species is endemic to North-east India.
3. It is the State flower of Arunachal Pradesh and Assam.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Last updated Jun 5, 2026
Correct Answer: Option B — 1 and 3
Statement 1 is correct: Rhynchostylis retusa (commonly known as the Foxtail Orchid) is an epiphytic orchid, meaning it grows harmlessly upon another plant or tree and derives its moisture and nutrients from the air, rain, and debris accumulating around it.

Statement 2 is incorrect: The species is not endemic to North-east India. While it is widely famous and abundant there, it is found across a broad geographical range, including the Western Ghats of India, the rest of the Indian subcontinent, and throughout Southeast Asia (countries like Malaysia, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, and the Philippines).

Statement 3 is correct: Because of its cultural and ecological significance, it is officially designated as the State Flower of both Assam (where it is known as Kopou Phool and is an integral part of the Bihu festival) and Arunachal Pradesh.
Answer verified by Quintessence Classes faculty — Karan Nagar, Srinagar.
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UPSC CSE 2026 Prelims

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Exam UPSC CSE
Stage Prelims
Year 2026
Subject Environment & Ecology
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