If for any two attributes A and B, (AB) < (A). (B) / N, then the attributes are:
Last updated May 13, 2026
Correct Answer:
Option B —
Negatively associated
In the theory of attributes, the relationship between two attributes A and B within a population of size N is determined by comparing the observed joint frequency (AB) with the expected frequency assuming independence, which is calculated as
N
(A)×(B)
.
Negatively associated: (AB)<
N
(A)×(B)
This indicates that the attributes appear together less frequently than would be expected if they were independent.
Positively associated: (AB)>
N
(A)×(B)
This indicates that the attributes appear together more frequently than would be expected by chance.
Independent: (AB)=
N
(A)×(B)
This indicates that the occurrence of one attribute has no effect on the occurrence of the other.
Answer verified by Quintessence Classes faculty — Karan Nagar, Srinagar.
