Geography question from JKAS Prelims, 2021 by JKPSC
Optimal conditions for this crop to grow include cool to warm tropical climate, rich soils, and few pests or diseases. Temperature above moderate accelerates fruit ripening which ruins harvest quality. Which crop is being referred to?
Last updated May 13, 2026
Correct Answer:
Option C —
Coffee
The conditions described—specifically the sensitivity to temperature and its effect on ripening—are classic characteristics of high-quality coffee production, particularly Arabica coffee.
Why Coffee?
Temperature Sensitivity: Coffee requires a stable, moderate temperature (usually between 15°C and 25°C). If it gets too hot, the fruit (coffee cherries) ripens too quickly. Slow ripening is essential because it allows the beans to develop complex sugars and acidity; rapid ripening "ruins" the quality, leading to a bland or bitter harvest.
Climate: It thrives in tropical climates but at higher altitudes (cool to warm) to avoid the extreme heat of the lowlands.
Soil: It requires rich, well-drained volcanic soils or deep sandy loams.
Key Features of Coffee Cultivation in India
In a competitive exam context, it is helpful to note how India handles these "optimal conditions":
Shade Cultivation: Because "temperature above moderate" ruins the quality, India is one of the few countries that grows almost all its coffee under a two-tier mixed shade canopy. This protects the plants from direct sunlight and keeps the micro-climate cool.
Major Regions: Primarily the "Blue Mountains" of South India, including Karnataka (the largest producer), Kerala, and Tamil Nadu.
Varieties: India produces both Arabica (higher quality, more sensitive) and Robusta (hardier, higher caffeine content).
Comparison with other options:
Almonds & Walnuts: These are temperate crops, not tropical. They require a distinct winter (chilling period) to fruit properly.
Tea: While tea also likes cool tropical climates, it is less about "fruit ripening" quality and more about leaf flushing. Tea is also much more tolerant of heavy rainfall and high humidity than coffee.
Answer verified by Quintessence Classes faculty — Karan Nagar, Srinagar.
