JKPSC Prelims 2022
General Studies (Paper 1)
Answer & Explanation
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Correct Answer:
Option C —
Pseudomonas putida
Why it is called the "Superbug"Pseudomonas putida is often referred to as a "superbug" in the context of bioremediation. It was the first genetically engineered organism to be patented. Dr. Ananda Mohan Chakrabarty, an Indian-American microbiologist, modified this bacterium in the 1970s by introducing different plasmids that allow it to break down various components of crude oil.
Role in Oil Degradation
Oil spills are complex mixtures of hydrocarbons. While natural bacteria can sometimes break these down, they are usually slow and can only handle one type of molecule. Pseudomonas putida was engineered to:
Consume complex hydrocarbons: It can digest several types of hydrocarbons (like octane, camphor, and salicylate) simultaneously.
Rapid Clean-up: It breaks down these pollutants into simpler, non-toxic substances like carbon dioxide and water much faster than naturally occurring strains.
Bioremediation: This process of using living organisms to remove contaminants from the environment is essential for cleaning up maritime oil spills.
Overview of Other Options
To give you the full context for your exams, here is a quick breakdown of the other bacteria mentioned:
Staphylococcus aureus: A common bacterium often found on the skin or in the nose. While usually harmless, it can cause various infections and is well-known for "MRSA" (methicillin-resistant strains).
Streptococcus pyogenes: A major human pathogen responsible for many diseases, ranging from "strep throat" to more serious conditions like scarlet fever.
Bacillus subtilis: A soil-dwelling bacterium used extensively in labs and industry. It is known for its ability to form tough, protective endospores, allowing it to survive extreme environmental conditions.
Answer verified by Quintessence Classes faculty — Karan Nagar, Srinagar.
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