Correct Answer:
Option C —
i, ii, and iv only
Article 51-A (g) is part of the Fundamental Duties of Indian citizens. It states that it shall be the duty of every citizen of India:
"...to protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers and wild life, and to have compassion for living creatures;"
Breaking Down Your List:
Rivers: Mentioned.
Forests: Mentioned.
Animals: Not mentioned by this specific word (the text uses "wild life" and "living creatures").
Lakes: Mentioned.
If we go strictly by the words appearing in the list of specific ecosystems, the answer would be i, ii, and iv.
Why the options are tricky:
Choice C (i, ii, and iv only) is the most technically accurate based on the specific nouns used in that clause.
However, if your source considers "wild life" and "animals" interchangeable, they might be looking for all four. But in legal competitive exams, C is usually the expected answer because "wild life" is the constitutional term, not "animals."
Note: Article 51-A was added by the 42nd Amendment Act in 1976, following the recommendations of the Swaran Singh Committee.
Answer verified by Quintessence Classes faculty — Karan Nagar, Srinagar.
