JKPSC Prelims 2023
General Studies (Paper 1)
With reference to judicial organization and the right power structure during Warren Hastings’ period, consider the following courts:
Answer & Explanation
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Correct Answer:
Option A —
1-4-3-2
The Judicial Hierarchy ExplainedUnder the reforms of Warren Hastings (and subsequently Lord Cornwallis), a structured "ladder" of civil justice was created:
Diwani Adalat (1): These were the District Civil Courts. Established in 1772, they were presided over by the Collector. This was the first point of entry for civil disputes.
Registrar Courts (4): These were subordinate to the Diwani Adalat, presided over by European officers (Registrars) to handle smaller cases, relieving the burden on the main district court.
Provincial Courts of Appeal (3): If a party was dissatisfied with the decision of the Diwani Adalat, they could appeal to these four regional courts (located in Calcutta, Murshidabad, Dacca, and Patna).
Sadar Diwani Adalat (2): This was the Highest Civil Court of Appeal in the Presidency, presided over by the Governor-General and members of his Council.
Answer verified by Quintessence Classes faculty — Karan Nagar, Srinagar.
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