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Science and Technology question from UPSC CSE-Prelims, 2026

Consider the following statements with regard to involvement of private entities in India's space programme:
1. The Indian National Space Promotion and Authorisation Centre (IN-SPACe) is an autonomous agency formed to facilitate participation of private entities.
2. Agnikul Cosmos launched the world's first flight using 3D-printed rocket engine.
3. Skyroot Aerospace has developed liquid fuel for GSLV.

Last updated Jun 9, 2026
Correct Answer: Option C — 1 and 2 only
Detailed Explanation of the Statements: Statement 1 is CORRECT: The Indian National Space Promotion and Authorisation Centre (IN-SPACe) was launched by the Government of India as a single-window, independent, nodal agency functioning autonomously under the Department of Space. Its primary mandate is to promote, enable, authorize, and supervise the participation of Private Sector Enterprises (Non-Governmental Entities) in India's space ecosystem, allowing them to utilize ISRO's infrastructure. Statement 2 is CORRECT: In May 2024, Chennai-based space startup AgniKul Cosmos successfully executed the sub-orbital launch of its Agnibaan SOrTeD rocket from India’s first private launchpad at Sriharikota. The mission achieved a historic global milestone by executing the world's first flight powered by a single-piece, 3D-printed semi-cryogenic rocket engine (known as Agnilet). Statement 3 is INCORRECT: This statement contains multiple factual mismatches. Skyroot Aerospace develops its own independent fleet of commercial launch vehicles called the Vikram series (like Vikram-S and Vikram-I), using their own propellants. They are not developing propulsion systems or liquid fuel for the GSLV (Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle). The GSLV is a heavy-lift launch vehicle designed, owned, and operated entirely by ISRO, utilizing ISRO's proprietary solid motors, Vikas liquid engines, and cryogenic upper stages.  
Answer verified by Quintessence Classes faculty — Karan Nagar, Srinagar.

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UPSC CSE 2026 Prelims

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Exam UPSC CSE
Stage Prelims
Year 2026
Subject Science and Technology
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