1. Consider the following types of vehicles:  
2. i) Full battery electric vehicles
3. ii) Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles
4. iii) Fuel cell-electric hybrid vehicles   
5. How many of the above are considered as alternative powertrain vehicles

Key terms in the question

Alternative powertrain vehicle: A vehicle whose propulsion is not based on the conventional petrol/diesel internal combustion engine (ICE) as the primary power source. Typically includes electric, fuel cell (hydrogen), hybrids, and other non-conventional propulsion setups.

I. Full battery electric vehicles (BEVs)

Run on electric motor(s) powered by a battery.

No petrol/diesel engine.

✅ Alternative powertrain.

II. Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (FCEVs)

Use hydrogen in a fuel cell to generate electricity, which drives an electric motor.

Not a conventional petrol/diesel ICE powertrain.

✅ Alternative powertrain.

III. Fuel cell–electric hybrid vehicles

Combine a fuel cell system with a battery (or another electric storage system); propulsion is still electric, with hybridized energy sources.

Still not conventional petrol/diesel ICE propulsion.

✅ Alternative powertrain.