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History question from UPSC CSE-Prelims, 2025

  1. Who among the following rulers in ancient India had assumed the titles ‘Mattavilasa’, Vichitrachitta’ and ‘Gunabhara?

Last updated Jun 24, 2026
Correct Answer: Option A — Mahendravarman I

These are birudas (honorific titles/epithets) adopted by kings in inscriptions and literature—basically royal “style names” used to project a ruler’s personality, achievements, and ideals.

  • Mattavilāsa
    Literally “one who delights in revelry / playfulness.” It’s also strongly associated with the satirical Sanskrit play Mattavilāsa Prahasana (“The Farce of Drunken Sport”), traditionally credited to the same ruler.

  • Vichitrachitta (Vichitra-chitta)
    “The one with a curious/wondrous mind” or “possessing an artistic, inventive intellect.” Used to signal refined taste and creativity.

  • Guṇabhara
    “Bearer of virtues/excellences” (guṇa = virtues/qualities, bhara = load/bearer). A title praising moral and kingly qualities.

Who assumed these titles?

These titles are famously associated with the Pallava king Mahendravarman I (early 7th century CE), known for:

  • literary activity (linked with Mattavilāsa Prahasana),

  • patronage of art/architecture (early rock-cut temples),

  • and multiple birudas in Pallava records.

Answer verified by Quintessence Classes faculty — Karan Nagar, Srinagar.

About this question

UPSC CSE 2025 Prelims

Details

Exam UPSC CSE
Stage Prelims
Year 2025
Subject History
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