Which of the following could be said to have prevented 'trickle-down effects' in the Indian economy?

1. Increased dependence of agriculture on purchased input and privately managed irrigation.
2. More employment of labour by larger landholding farmers.
3. Lower participation of women in the agricultural workforce due to new technology.
4. The failure of the Green Revolution.

Question

Which of the following could be said to have prevented 'trickle-down effects' in the Indian economy?

1. Increased dependence of agriculture on purchased input and privately managed irrigation.

2. More employment of labour by larger landholding farmers.

3. Lower participation of women in the agricultural workforce due to new technology.

4. The failure of the Green Revolution.

Quintessence Classes · Accepted Answer

The correct answer is 1 and 3. Analysis of the StatementsThe "Trickle-down effect" suggests that economic growth or progress at the top (e.g., wealthy farmers or industrial sectors) will naturally benefit the poor through job creation and increased demand. In the Indian agricultural context, several factors hindered this process:Increased dependence on purchased inputs and private irrigation: TRUE. The Green Revolution shifted agriculture from a self-sustaining model to one requiring expensive seeds (HYV), fertilizers, and private tube wells. Because only wealthy farmers could afford these, the "wealth" stayed concentrated, and small/marginal farmers often fell into debt rather than benefiting from the progress.More employment of labour by larger landholding farmers: FALSE. If larger farmers had employed more labor, it would have been a success of the trickle-down effect (wealth reaching the laborers via wages). In reality, large farmers moved toward mechanization (tractors, harvesters), which actually reduced the demand for manual labor.Lower participation of women due to new technology: TRUE. As technology and mechanization were introduced, traditional roles often held by women were displaced. This reduced the household income of the poorest families, preventing the benefits of agricultural growth from "trickling down" to the most vulnerable gender and class groups.The failure of the Green Revolution: FALSE. The Green Revolution did not "fail" in terms of production; it was a massive success in making India food-secure. The issue was its uneven distribution (geographical and social), but calling it a "failure" is factually incorrect in an economic context.

Answer

1 and 2

Answer

2 and 3

Answer

2 and 4

Answer & Explanation

About this question

JKPSC JKAS 2022 Prelims

Details

More General Studies (Paper 1) questions

Practice 1,142+ more PYQs interactively